What is Lamina(e) or Lamella(e)?

The lamina, or lamella (plural: laminae or lamellae), play a crucial role in an equine's hoof by connecting the hoof wall to the coffin bone, also called the distal phalanx. This connection is made through a complex system of interlocking layers (think really strong velcro) that provide both support and stability to the hoof. These layers are made up of both sensitive and insensitive parts, working together to help the hoof carry weight effectively while also allowing for some flexibility and shock absorption. You can see from the photo how intricately they're attached, showing just how complex this structure is and how important it is for the equine's overall hoof health and function.

Over time, the laminae/lamellae can get damaged and/or stretched due to various reasons, which can weaken this important connection. When they get damaged or stretched, it might lead to serious issues like rotation, sinking and/or inflammation of the laminae. Several factors can cause this, with high insulin levels from dietary imbalances or metabolic disorders being a prominent contributor. Others include hormonal changes, related to conditions like PPID or toxemia, which is when toxins are in the bloodstream from infections or other health problems (like retained placentas in broodmares). Consistent and quality hoof care are essential for long-term soundness.